Polyethylene glycol - flexible polymer

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymer compound composed of repeating ethylene glycol units. It is commonly used in various fields, including medicine, industry, and cosmetics. When it comes to understanding how PEG works, it depends on the specific context in which it is being used. Here are a few general aspects of PEG's functionality:

Solvent and dispersant: polyethylene glycol is a water-soluble compound that has excellent solvent properties. It can dissolve many different substances, both organic and inorganic, making it useful as a solvent and dispersant in various applications. In pharmaceuticals, PEG is often used as a vehicle or carrier for active ingredients to enhance their solubility and bioavailability.

Lubrication and viscosity modification: polyethylene glycol has lubricating properties, which make it effective in reducing friction and providing lubrication. It is used in personal care products, such as creams, lotions, and ointments, to impart a smooth and silky texture. Additionally, PEG can modify the viscosity of solutions, suspensions, and gels, making it easier to handle or apply.

Humectant and moisturizer: polyethylene glycol has hygroscopic properties, meaning it can attract and hold moisture from the surrounding environment. As a result, it acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture and prevent drying. In skincare products, PEG can function as a moisturizer by forming a protective layer on the skin's surface, reducing water loss, and maintaining hydration.

Polymer matrix and excipient: polyethylene glycol is often utilized as a polymer matrix or excipient in various formulations. In solid dosage forms, such as tablets or capsules, PEG can be used as a binder, helping to hold the ingredients together. It can also act as a film-forming agent, facilitating the creation of coatings on pills. Furthermore, PEG can be employed as a suspending agent to keep particles dispersed evenly in liquid formulations.